Executive Summary The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is actively exploring how identity, authentication, and authorization must evolve to support AI systems and autonomous agents. Recent federal direction and concept work point toward a future where non-human identities (NHIs), including AI agents, must be governed with the same rigor as human users. For enterprises, this represents a structural shift in how trust is established and enforced. Organizati

The rise of generative AI has transformed the Internet into a new kind of economic and computational landscape - one where machines read, extract, and replicate information at scales never previously imagined. As models grow more capable, their appetite for data accelerates, and the burden of managing, regulating, and protecting content increasingly shifts to the infrastructure layer of the Internet. Cloudflare’s introduction of AI Scraping Protection arrived at a critical mo